Аграрная экономика

Agrarian economy is a part of economic theory, which studies the equitable use of a limited amount of resources in production, sales, change and consumption of food.

The development of agriculture under subordinate economic laws, while some of the laws of the market economy are manifested in this sector is most obvious, as agriculture represents a small autonomous farm .

Agrarian, industrial and post-industrial economy

In the agrarian society in the purest form the agrarian economy is manifested. For such a society and economic structure is characteristic: the only type of production - agriculture, which is fully controlled by the state. The pace of economic development is at a low level.

Industrial economy is characterized by the fact that the largest contribution to the economy leads to the processing and use of natural fossil fuels, as well as heavy industry. Transition from agrarian economy to industrial based on industrial revolution.

Now the majority of developed countries are at the post-industrial stage of development of society. The distinctive features of the post-industrial economy are: the leading role of the service sector, the main factor in the development of the economy is scientific development. & Nbsp; There is an increase in the pace of economic development and automation of production.

Industrial agrarian economy is ...

In countries with agrarian economy, the use of rural labor prevails, while the non-productive and industrial spheres do not play a special role in the development of the economy.

A large part of the population is engaged in agriculture, which brings a significant percentage to the national income of the country.

In the same way, the industrial economy is dominated by mining and processing of natural fossil fuels. Also in countries with such a type of economy, the sphere of services is gradually developing.

Thus, under the industrial-agrarian economy, it is necessary to understand the transformation of agriculture in the economic structure of the country, and at the same time with this active development of heavy industry.

Fundamentals and peculiarities of agrarian economy

In economically developed countries, agriculture is an excellent example of a competitive industry. So in the production of a large number of sellers who can not influence the distribution of prices on the product. Agricultural products are not diversified, and there is a possibility of entry or exit from the market.

The peculiarity of agrarian economy is the dependence of agricultural production on the conditions of the environment. Constant floods, droughts, and the abundance of harmful insects are turning the agrarian economy into a sphere of risky capital investment.

There is another peculiarity of the agrarian economy, as already mentioned, the weak differentiability of the market, the fact that the seller can not raise prices. As a result - non-competitiveness of the agricultural market.

It should also be noted that a distinctive drawing of the agrarian economy is a special attitude of society to this sphere. First of all, it is expressed in the desire of the population to achieve food security (autarky), and also in the pursuit of preserving the traditional rural landscape.

Agrarian structure of the economy

Under the agrarian structure, it is necessary to understand the results of the impact of natural, socio-economic and political factors on the functioning and development of agricultural activities. The definition of "agrarian structure" includes the interrelationship of all components of the agrarian sector of the economy: sales, production, processing and use of finished products.

Economics in agrarian society

In agrarian society, the economy is a primitive craft and agriculture with the use of manual labor. Industry is underdeveloped or develops at a slow pace (does not occur in the main sphere of employment).

Practically the entire population lives in rural areas. Of great importance is the state property. Private property, though, exists, but is not unreasonable. The economy is developing at a slow pace.

Tasks of agrarian economy

The main task of agrarian economy is to meet the needs of the population in food and products of the people's consumption.

The development of the agro-industrial complex significantly affects the level of life of the population, the level of well-being, after all, agricultural products account for 40 to 70% of total sales. The second task of the agricultural sector of the economy is the competent distribution of food resources.

Problems of agrarian economy

As it is known, of course, as a result of agricultural activities and the food sphere, there are food products. However, the price elasticity of the demand for such a product is very low. Insufficient indicators of elasticity of demand for food lead to a long-term farming problem.

As a separate factor, the low elasticity of demand does not represent a special problem for the economy of the country, if the proposal is stable or grows at a slow pace.

The problem is that for the last quarter of the century the agrarian sphere has experienced great scientific and technical progress. As a result, the effectiveness of agrarian labor and the proposal for agricultural production became a constant crop.

Low price elasticity of demand for food together with the dependence of the agrarian sector of the economy on the conditions surrounding the environment creates a short-term farm problem - instability of the price of agricultural products.

World economy of agrarian markets

The development of the world agrarian economy is due to a whole series of reasons that determine the fundamental role of agrarian production in the whole world.

To which species the functions of the world economy and agrarian markets relate:

1. Necessity to provide food to the constantly increasing population of the planets, in particular, it affects the developing country;


2. Solution of the task of providing the industry with essential raw materials;


3. The agricultural sector is an indirect supplier of labor power and capital in other areas of the world economy.

The abundance of functions of the world agrarian economy determines the great importance of the development of this industry and provides the requirements for its functioning. It is not only the problems of the economy, but also the problems of maintaining environmentally safe environment and the use of natural resources.

Countries with agrarian economy

Today the countries are related to the agrarian economy (based on the analysis of GDP): the countries of North Africa (as an example, Algeria), the countries of North-East Africa (as an example, Ethiopia), some Aziv as in the case of Vietnam, where more than 70% of the population is engaged in agriculture).

Agrarian economy in Russia

Agriculture is the mainstay of the national economy of the Russian Federation. Russia's agro-industrial complex is constantly evolving: today more than 15% of production funds are concentrated in this complex, while 10% of the country's population works in the agro-industrial complex. However, the complex can not compete with other sectors of the economy.

Now in Russia the main problem of agrarian economy is a poorly developed sector of the agro-industrial complex. Due to this, significant losses occur in agricultural production, in particular, it affects grain crops (their losses can reach 30%).

State regulation of agrarian economy

State regulation of agrarian economy is a combination of methods and forms of economic influence on the functioning and development of the economy of agriculture for the stabilization of all categories of farms and the creation of their competitiveness.

The state support of the agrarian sector of the economy is also aimed at saturating the market with quality food products to achieve food security of the country.

The need for state regulation of this segment of the economy is due to the dependence of the industry on natural conditions and the slow turnover of money in comparison with other economic sectors.

You can learn more about the industrial-agrarian economy, technologies and equipment of the agro-industrial complex at the annual exhibition Agroprodmash.