Agrarian business

According to expert estimates, the average age of agribusiness in Russia is 4-5 years. Government programs to support these areas of the economy and high indicators of growth make investments in the APC one of the most attractive today.

Agrarian business in Russia

Agriculture has long played an important role in the life of Russia. At the present time, the agrarian economy is experiencing a rise after the devastation.

Every year agrarian business in Russia demonstrates a confident growth. Even in the crisis of 2015, the agricultural sector was the direction of the economy, where the growth was fixed. Together with that there is still inconvenience.

The domestic agro-industrial sector has a number of problems. Among the first of these are bureaucratic barriers. To get some kind of permission, license, credit - all this takes away a lot of time and force, which in relation to the season is sometimes completely destructive for any sphere of agribusiness.

There is also a problem of insufficient level of funding. Regardless of the fact that every year the level of lending to farms, the issuance of grants, our country in the financing of agriculture is seriously lagging behind foreign countries. Yes, and after the approval of the loan to the agricultural sector, the interest rate will become a non-liftable for only the beginning of its activity in agriculture.

Another factor that negatively affects the development of agribusiness, it is possible to consider competition with foreign products, where in the strength of climatic features and adjusted production self-sufficiency. In recent years, this problem has not been so acute, thanks to the measures of protectionism adopted in relation to domestic agrarians, but it has not yet been resolved.

Agrarian business is a risky sphere of entrepreneurship. One unfavorable weather conditions of the year and the agro-company can bring such large losses, to eliminate those that are practically impossible.

Agrarian business has not become a side and the tendency to reduce the purchasing power of the population of the country.

Although the products of agriculture - this is what saves a person in the last turn, the defined financial difficulties can not be reflected in the sale of the final product.

Ignoring all the above, the marked agrarian business almost completely covers the internal needs. The exception is only products that can not be produced outside the country of the exporter, for example, a number of hard varieties of beer from France.

Support of agrarian business

In recent years, the state has made bets not on large producers, but on individual entrepreneurs, trying to inject something like a farm in the country. Zadumka, transferred to the Russian land, with a local accent. Farms have their own registration procedure and their own simplified taxation system.

Thanks to this project, a significant part of the population is engaged in agrarian business, and this is my turn:

• products;
• working places in the village;
• tax receipts in the budget.

These polls all show the interest of urban people to the village. And if earlier it was difficult to imagine yourself, that a city dweller moved to the village, engaged in agriculture, then today such cases are no longer rare.

Together with that it is necessary to understand that employment in agribusiness has a brightly expressed seasonal character. It looks like plantations, culture, and animal husbandry, for which they prepare only in warm weather. Therefore, whoever decides to connect himself with the farm, it is necessary to have the skills of literate planning.

State program for the development of agrarian business

Agrarian business will not be able to fully develop without the support of the state. It is for this reason that the government constantly introduces various bills aimed at helping domestic farmers.

One of the main ones is "The state program for the development of agriculture and regulation of markets for agricultural products, raw materials and food for 2013-2020." The main priority in the sector is the achievement of food security in Russia.

Thanks to literate support, each year the financing and lending of agrarians increases. Besides, the state is trying to stimulate the interest of investors, including foreign ones. There will be an increase in agricultural areas, this goal and served the program of the Far East.

However, due to the increase in the size of agricultural land in the government are being considered and about increasing the efficiency of existing areas. The village needs professionally trained staff, which is why it is necessary to support agricultural universities and colleges. Already today there are 54 agrarian universities in the country, which produce 25,000 specialists annually.

Here it is also necessary to mark and improve the life of the village, because for that young specialists went to the village, here it is necessary to create all the conditions. This is directed to the support of the village - the construction of housing and the provision of infrastructure that meets the necessary conditions.

The state does everything so that every year the dependence of the country on foreign agricultural production has decreased. It is expressed as the support of the domestic producer, as well as in the presentation of strict requirements for foreign products. And it can be noted that the efforts in this direction were not left empty.

According to many articles of agricultural products, domestic producers have completely closed the internal demand, for example, wheat, and went to the international market. And we are one of the main suppliers of this product. Russia will become the world leader in the wheat market this year, not only in terms of the volume of grain exported, but also in terms of its quality.

According to the Minister of Agriculture Alexandra Tkacheva, 80% of food products are on the shelves of shops today - this is the supply of domestic farms, and only 20% of foreign producers.

Agrarian business in Belarus

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Belarus is a developing European country with a predominantly agrarian economy. Delivers its products to close neighbors, in particular, is an important trading partner of the Russian Federation.

Production in Belarus is largely focused on the Russian market, taking into account the limitations of domestic opportunities and growing demand in Russia. Such strong resilience of the Belarusian economy in the Russian market helps it to develop, and at the same time there is its potential weakness.

An important export item is vegetables and dairy products. In recent years, the agrarian sector of the economy has experienced the beneficial impact of the country's entry into the Customs Union. At the same time, high demands are placed on products from Belarusian customs authorities at customs, which leads to an improvement in the quality of the products supplied.

Latest news of agrarian business

Of the recent important events that have seriously affected the domestic agricultural market, it is necessary to note the mutual food embargo of Russia with a number of countries. Economic sanctions do not have positive consequences, but in relation to agriculture they have become a new impetus for development.

Extremely unequal competition, and in some cases the weak representation of Russian products in the market was a factor that weakened the domestic agricultural business.

Besides, the most important news for agricultural producers was the program "Far East". By 2017, any citizen of the country can get his plot, and not only the Far East, as it was earlier. Despite the lack of work on the project, it had a great impact on the agar business in the country.

Besides, the positive trend in APC exports continues to be maintained. For the last 5 years the export of agricultural products has increased by 25%.

Agrarian law

Agrarian law is sufficiently new direction of agrarian industry. It can be considered as one of the answers of economic or entrepreneurial law. Its subjects are not just enterprises, economic entities, but differ in their commitment to a certain branch of the economy - the agricultural sector.

The subject of law differs in complex character, as the relations arising in the sphere of agricultural production, are regulated not only by civil law, but also by the budgetary, administrative and tax law.

International and Russian agrarian law

Agrarian law is regulated in the world by international legal treaties, the actions of which are widespread in all ratified countries. Among them are agreements in the WTO sphere, trade agreements, agreements on the supply of products and food assistance.

In the field of regulation of these agreements there is the establishment of preferences for the products of this or that country, the requirements for quality, the removal of customs and tax barriers.

For Russian business, the existence of agrarian law is relevant. The existence of such a subject in the schedule of legal universities will help to prepare specialists-jurists who are already ready to work in the village. Now they are not enough.

The development of the industry should lead to an increase in the quality of legislation, regulating agrarian relations, eliminating inefficiencies and gaps in the legislation that hinder the development of business.

Classification of sources of agrarian law

A separate codified normative legal act, code, does not exist in the field of agrarian law. Therefore, specialists rely on the hierarchy of normative acts, which mediate the general norms of legal relations and specific issues of the agricultural sector.

Among them:

• constitution as the main normative document;
• international treaties and agreements, including the status of Russia as a member of the WTO;
• federal laws, including the Tax and Land Codes;
• Resolutions of the Government and Decrees of the President;
• normative-legal acts of the subjects of the federation
• normative acts of ministries and departments, in particular, the Ministry of Agriculture.

The hierarchy of sources implies the inconsistency of sources with a lower level of federal law and international legal treaties. The most important issues related to the regulation of land status, state subsidies, support programs for agricultural producers lie in the regulation of entities. Agrarians need to pay special attention to the study and classification of sources.

Sources and systems of agrarian law

Agrarian law systems are slightly different in Russia and the United States. If for the Anglo-Saxon system the characteristic support of precedents and acts, and as such, the building system is not distinguished, in Russia the agrarian law has the building system, including the general and special part. In general, the legal position of the subjects is regulated, in particular, some features of state regulation and social support.

The special system includes institutes reviewing the legal regime of land, the property of agricultural organizations, the specifics of the implementation of certain types of entrepreneurial activity, for example, leasing or veterinary.

Judicial decisions have their weight in the system of agrarian law, but in their application it is necessary to take into account the legal practice of each region.

Subjects and objects of agrarian law

The subject of agrarian law is legal relations arising in connection with the production and sale of agricultural products, as well as state policy in the field of agrarian economy

There are two groups of relationships in this area:

• public, which regulate the specifics of taxation, export regulation, state support programs, including procurement interventions and tariff policy, the obligation of the state to provide for the provision of fruit and vegetables.
• private, regulating civil-law, labor and other relations of the subjects of agrarian turnover.

Forms of agrarian relations

Agrarian relations are deposited in public and private forms.

The public form becomes such phenomena as the interaction of the state and the subject in part:

• regulation of land turnover;
• setting preferential interest rates on loans;
• procurement of products for state needs;
• installation of reduced seasonal tariffs for RZD services and fuel prices.

Private forms of relations relate to the implementation of civil and labor contracts of entities operating in the sector.

Methods and principles of agrarian and land law and legal relations

As for any branch of the complex, for agrarian law is a characteristic combination of imperative and dispositive methods of regulation. The imperative method is based on state coercion. This approach is implemented in normative acts, prescriptions of the Prosecutor's Office and supervisory bodies, decisions of courts, decisions on land transfers and analogous acts.

The dispositive method reflects the possibilities provided by the state for the independent construction of their relations. These relations are reflected in the agreements, the main conditions of which are regulated by federal law, for example, the law "On Leasing" or "On the turnover of agricultural land."

Agrarian initiative and science

To separate the agrarian right to science at the present stage of its development is quite difficult, so far there has not been a leading scholar who develops this direction and reveals its specificity. But as any developing branch of law, as entrepreneurial, joint-stock, transport and other similar complex branches, agrarian law develops, acquires its own subject, method, principles and sources.

The subject composition of the participants of the agricultural turnover changes with each passing year. In addition to collective farms, farmers, owners of personal subsistence farms go to the market and large, multidisciplinary companies.

As a bright phenomenon, it is possible to highlight the company "Agrarian Initiative", which represents its holding, specializing in most areas of agricultural production. The activity of such companies requires special measures of regulation, so they do not have a large number of preferences provided to private entities. Agribusiness in large forms needs state support.

Companies consulting on agrarian law and relations

In Russia, there are several legal companies that provide quality one-on-one consulting in the field of agricultural law. Among them, you can name one of the most famous Russian law firms "Pepelyaev Group", as well as for legal advice you can contact the FBK.

Consulting services that allow to improve the quality of agricultural business processes, the company Advice-Consulting and some of its colleagues. Almost in all major agrarian regions of the country, in Altai, in Krasnodar Krai, in Kalmykia, regional companies specializing in this sector work.

Agrarian companies of Russia and the world

The agricultural sector of the economy in Russia is one of the most highly developed in the world.

Huge territories, suitable for the cultivation of agricultural products, make the country one of the largest exporters of similar goods.

In Russia, there are hundreds of agrarian enterprises specializing in the production of various types of products.

What is such an agrarian company

An agrarian company is an enterprise that specializes in the production of agricultural products for the purpose of earning a profit.

Agrarian companies provide the population with food, which also includes their humanitarian function. The production of agricultural goods involves the cultivation of crops and livestock.

Many organizations do not produce agricultural products in pure form, but take an active part in the development of the market.

To whom the producers belong:

• agricultural machinery;
• meat and milk products;
• butter and oil-containing products;
• investment funds.

Large world agrarian companies

Every country has a large number of enterprises producing agricultural products. However, only a handful of these companies are distributed around the world. Large agroholdings use advanced innovative technologies in the creation and processing of livestock and plant products.

Talking about market leaders, it is impossible not to mention the company "Adecoagro". This is one of the largest producers of agricultural products in South America. The head office is located in Luxembourg.

The company specializes in the production of food and biosynthetic products. Adecoagro uses only environmentally friendly electricity, the surplus of which is sold to the population.

The Adler Seeds brand is known to all who are engaged in the cultivation of agricultural crops. The company is one of the largest seed producers in the world.

The range includes a wide selection of varieties of different cultures. Adler Seeds experts constantly study the resilience of plants to different climatic conditions. The head office is located in the United States in the state of Indiana.

Agria Corporation specializes in the cultivation of grain crops and seed production. There are divisions engaged in animal husbandry, but such activity is not a priority for the company. The head office is located in the United States.

Examples of Russian agricultural companies

Hundreds of agricultural companies operate in different regions of Russia. Statistics show that 12% of agricultural products produced in the country come from 27 large organizations.

The leader in the Russian market is the company "Miratorg", specializing in animal husbandry, growing crops and processing of agricultural raw materials. For the reporting year 2016, Miratorg collected revenue in the amount of 96,346 million rubles.

The second place in the ranking is occupied by the group of companies "Commonwealth", which specializes in the cultivation and processing of oil-containing cultures. The third place was taken by OJSC "Efko", which produces vegetable oil and oil.

Agrarian Technological Companies

Monsanto is engaged in the production of genetically modified varieties of cotton, corn, wheat and other crops. Also the producer releases fertilizers that increase the durability of plants.

The list of the most technological companies in the world includes the organization from neighboring Ukraine under the name "Nibulon". The company specializes in the cultivation and processing of agricultural crops, as well as animal husbandry.

Agrarian Investment Companies

Agrarian investment companies invest in the implementation of large projects in the agricultural sector. One of the world leaders in this direction is the company "Cargill Inc.", which was founded by William Cargill and John McMillan in 1865. This is a family business with a turnover of 140 billion dollars a year, which still belongs to the descendants of the founders.

Specializes in animal husbandry, production of chocolate and salt, storage and processing of wheat. The company has registered more than 172 patents for 10 years. Fixed assets are invested in large energy, infrastructure and pharmaceutical projects.

Agrarian-industrial companies

Agrarian-industrial companies specialize in the production and industrial processing of agricultural products.

For example, the Russian company "South of Russia", engaged in the production of untreated plant matter.

Agroindustrial complex "Oredezh" is one of the largest in the country of the producer of chicken eggs.

Many leading agrarian companies take part in the annual exhibition Agroprodmash, which is held in Moscow in the CMC "Expocenter"!