Rural development programs
Production of agricultural products in the Russian Federation is one of the priority sectors of the economy. Russia occupies one of the main positions in the field of export of agricultural products, a country - a world leader in the international market of wheat.
Thanks to the diversity of climatic conditions in the regions of the country, the difference in natural conditions, the richest soils, the use of advanced processing technologies and hard-working hands of agrarians, Russia has reached the maximum volumes of production volumes.
The agricultural sector will produce more than 4.5% of the gross value added in 2016, and in 2015 there was no less than 9.00% of the labor-intensive population.
- 2014 - exports of raw materials and products amounted to 18.9 billion. $;
- 2016 - exports reached 17.0 billion. $.
These are significant figures, but the industry requires special attention of the state and the development of large-scale development programs.
History of agricultural development program
At the turn of the century, Russian agriculture was the main direction in the production of gross national product. His knowledge was based on the processing of patriarchal and local land divisions, the basis of public relations was a feudal type of relationship. At the beginning of the last century, the cultivated areas occupied by grain crops were 88, 6% of the total area of pashni.
Export specific indicators for wheat following:
- from 1876 to 1888 - 42.8% of the commodity grain produced;
- from 1911 to 1913 the indicator grew to 51%.
Ignoring the fact that huge areas were occupied, the indicators of crop yields were low, it was possible to get the gross product at the expense of an extensive type of farming.
The industry was completely dependent on natural conditions, droughts, floods and epidemics of plants and livestock. But the first catastrophe for the agricultural sector became the First World War and the Civil War.
After the announcement of the course on the collectivization of the XV Congress of the CPSU (b), was laid the foundation of a new industrial production of products - collective farms. New equipment was introduced everywhere, the village was provided with qualified specialists and professional staff. This allowed already in 1940 to increase gross yield by 41, 23% by comparison with the most productive 1913. Russia collected 127,000,000 tons of grain in 1978.
After the collapse in the nineties, the beginning of 1999, the agricultural sector is experiencing a revival. Already in 2001-2002, Russia became the first of a dozen leaders to export grain to international markets.
Features of the development of agriculture and market regulation in Russia
Agriculture is one of the priorities of the state policy of the Russian Federation. The peculiarity of the development of the branch is the difference between the legal relations in the branch, where it can not be a single complex of communications. This is a complex economic and social construction.
The decisive role is played in agriculture:
- relationship of land and property character;
- labor and organizational-managerial interactions.
In modern conditions, the agrarian strategy of development is based on national programs and specific areas, taking into account the regional socio-economic conditions.
Market development in the agricultural sector is based on: free competition, leveling of demand and proposals. In order to avoid the depletion of internal resources, the state uses a system of quotas and restrictions on imports. It helps to stimulate domestic farmers. For example, to increase the ownership of livestock in 2003, there was a quota of imported meat.
Prospects and problems of the program of development of agriculture in Russia
The main problem of the development of agriculture in Russia is overcoming the consequences of the crisis of the nineties of the last century.
There is still a long way to go before the lifting of remote regions, the "depth" requires:
- qualified personnel;
- creation of powerful agro-industrial complexes with modern infrastructure;
- improvement of soil condition;
- modernized equipment and technology;
- increase and improvement of productive herd.
The main task, the decision of which will allow the development of agriculture, is the intensification of the activity of the Russian village. In this aspect, the situation is gradually improving. The attraction of investments and all-embracing programs of the state speaks of positive prospects for Russian agrarians.
Agricultural Development Programs in Russia
The first large-scale program adopted in 2006 was the concept of stimulating the development of the agrarian complex in order to provide large-scale state support for agricultural producers.
Priority national project "Development of agro-industrial complex" created a database for the revival of agrarian economy.
In Russia, there is a state program for the development of agriculture and regulation of agricultural markets for the period from 2013 to 2020. Legislative document approved by the government decree ¹ 717 from 14.07.12.
Federal scientific-technical and state program for the development of agriculture
The Federal Scientific-Technical and State Program for the Development of Agriculture was approved in the current year Resolution 996 of 25.08.17. The main purpose of this program is to ensure the growth of stable indicators of the level of agricultural production.
The implementation of the program is carried out in several directions, its tasks:
- To create conditions for scientific and technical bases, necessary for technological innovations, allowing to release domestic competitive products, goods and services.
- Attract large-scale investments in agribusiness.
- Create and introduce technologies for the production of original and elite agricultural material, tribal herd in the areas of Russian plant breeding and animal husbandry.
- Universally improve the training of professional staff for agribusiness, maximally oriented to the use of achievements of scientific and technical progress.
To finance the program will be the budget of the Russian Federation. In general, it is planned to allocate 26.1 billion rubles.
Federal law on the development of agriculture
Federal law on the development of agriculture - this is the main legislative act of Russia in the field of agro-industrial development, regulating all legal processes in the industry. The law was adopted by the State Duma of the Russian Federation on December 22, 2006.
Federal Law ¹ 264 "On the development of agriculture" approved by the Council of the Federation on 27.12.2006, entry into force on 29 December 06. It is currently being modified in the edition from July 1, 2017.
Development of agriculture in Krasnodar Krai
For the development of highly efficient agriculture in Krasnodar Krai is one of the most promising regions of the country. The region is different in that the development of agribusiness occurs in all major areas.
In Kuban:
- grain and technical cultures are produced;
- elite viticulture is developing;
- sugar beet is grown in industrial volumes.
The increase in the milk yield of cattle is considered in the nearest future state programs. The main factor in the development of investment should be investment in modern enterprises engaged in the processing of finished products.
Development of agriculture in Krasnoyarsk Krai
Natural climatic conditions of the Krasnoyarsk Territory allow the development of meat and dairy farming.
The main direction of development of the APC of this region is:
- creation of communal bases, in particular - increase of settlements of yachmenya and other cultures;
- construction and equipment of high-tech enterprises for processing of raw materials.
Development of agriculture in Crimea
Favorable warm climate of Crimea in combination with the work on land reclamation and the formation of protective forests to minimize the impact of droughts and droughts allows to develop practically all the basic directions of rural self-government.
Federal programs consider financing the increase in production:
- winter wheat;
- table and technical varieties of grapes;
- fruit crops - apple, pear;
- warm-hearted oriental fruits.
Special attention is paid by the state to the increase of meat - milking, breeding of breeding horses, sheep breeding and specific areas - the development of mulberry silkworm and bees.
With a developed agro-industrial complex, advanced technical base and modern technologies in each of the regions, Russia will become a more stable, economically independent, successful state.
Programs for the development of agriculture are discussed at the annual exhibition Agroprodmash, which passes into the CEC.