Agrarian production
Agrarian production is the mainstay of the economy of a separate state, the purpose of which is the provision of vital funds for humanity. The state of the industry depends on the food security of the country. There are about 1 billion economically active population in the world economy.
Agrarian-industrial sphere of production
Agrarian-industrial sphere of production is a combination of all branches of the economy, directed to the production and processing of agricultural raw materials and the receipt of its products, bringing to the final consumption.
The main role in this area is occupied by agricultural activities, the main areas of production of which are the cultivation of grain, vegetable, fodder, fruit and other crops, and so on.
Besides, the agrarian-industrial sphere includes enterprises:
- transportation, storage, processing of products;
- on delivery to consumers;
- serving spheres;
- providing chemicals and fertilizers.
Distinctive drawings of agrarian-industrial sphere
There are several distinctive features of the agrarian-industrial sphere:
- The main means of production are land, plants and animals. Therefore, all production processes are linked to biological systems and depend on climatic conditions.
- Plant and animal production is created at different intervals from a few weeks to several months, which is negatively reflected in the process of its reproduction. In this way, the costs of production are available now, and the income is received in a few months, and in winter crops even through the year.
- Main means (equipment and machines, buildings, constructions and transfer devices), with the exception of working and productive livestock and perennial plantations, are not created in the agrarian sector, but only in the agricultural sector.
Types of agricultural production
The organization is related to agrarian production, the main type of activity of which is the production of agricultural products.
Agrarian production is divided into:
- in dependence on market relations on:
- natural,
- goods;
- by dimensions;
- large,
- average,
- small;
- by owners:
- enterprises, in which part of the owners or all the owners are employees,
- organizations in which their owners are not employees.
Classification carries a multi-level character.
Among the types of agricultural production can be distinguished:
- joint stock companies;
- cooperatives, artels;
- unitary enterprises;
- peasant (farming) farms;
- friendship.
Agrarian factor of production
The main agrarian factor of production is the land. Land areas, which produce a large part of food resources, make up 4.7 billion hectares or 35% of the total world land fund (pashni - 11% of land reserves, pasture - 24%).
In Russia there are 10% of all arable lands of the world, more than 4/5 of them come to Russia in the Central Volga region, the North Caucasus, the Urals and Western Siberia.
Land resources are important in any material production. However, only the agrarian-industrial sphere uses these resources in a multifaceted format.
The earth can be a tool of labor, when in crop production to increase yields are selected soils with special biological characteristics. The earth will become the object of labor, during the mowing work.
World agrarian production
World agrarian production in percentage ratio is:
- root crops 7%;
- sugar 7%;
- fat and oil 9%;
- vegetable crops and fruits 10%;
- livestock products 11%;
- different grains (grain) 56%.
Agrarian production in Russia
Today, agricultural production in Russia is one of the fastest growing sectors of the economy. The country provides active support for the export of agricultural products. The state constantly provides subsidies for productive forces.
The most promising export objects are:
- vegetable oil;
- grain cultures (especially barley and wheat);
- meat of birds and pigs;
- seafood and fish products.
According to the Minister of Agriculture, today on the counters of Russian shops - 80% of own (domestic) products and 20% of foreign. In 2017, high yields of buckwheat and other grain crops (more than 100 million tons) have already been marked.
In the near future it is planned to increase the production of meat and poultry, dairy products, fruit and vegetables, grapes, berries.
According to the plan of development of agrarian production, sufficient for the domestic market of indicators of meat production and poultry is planned to reach in 2-3 years, dairy products - in 7-10 years. Full provision of Russian consumers with domestic vegetables and fruits is expected in 3-5 years.
Technologies in agricultural production
The basis for the technological base of modern agriculture in developed countries are mechanized labor. and small aviation. Therefore, a promising direction is the introduction of intellectual agrarian economy.
Instead of traditional chemicalization, bioremediation gradually comes - the introduction of ecotechnologies is as close as possible to natural conditions.
Countries with large reserves of fertile lands reduce the use of chemicals in agriculture for the sake of environmental well-being. For example, in Australia, 28 kilograms of chemicals are used per hectare, and in Canada and less - 12 kilograms.
Development of agrarian production
Analytical data show that world agrarian production has increased:
- for 165 billion dollars from 1900 to 1929 (up to 580 marks);
- for 115 billion dollars from 1938 to 1950 (up to 760 marks);
- In 2000, agricultural production amounted to 2475 billion dollars.
The first place in the hierarchy of agricultural producers is occupied by the United States, then France, Italy and Germany in the fourth place.
At the present time it is necessary to conduct the agreed activities for the development of international principles and development strategies, which will consist of four directions:
- Increase of the world ground fund.
- Increasing the effectiveness of the agrarian-industrial sphere to increase economic potential.
- Carrying out large-scale agrarian transformations in developing countries.
- Employees of developed countries and joint support of countries with weak economies.
Organization of agrarian production
The system of measures for the organization of agrarian production refers to the effective use of land, labor, material and production resources.
The interaction of the above elements is based on the rational use of the factors surrounding the environment and the stability of agricultural development.
The multifaceted formation of the organization of agricultural production is based on the diversification of the creation of economic models and systems and the use of the most relevant and effective systems of economic activity.
The system of management of a separate enterprise affects the whole set of different factors and conditions of the production process. However, the main place is occupied by economic resources, as well as natural, biological and social conditions of production.
Management of agrarian production
Management of agrarian economy today is in coordination of the production process and the work of specialists of agricultural education (brigades, shops, farms, plots and departments).
Seasonality of production requires a system of searching ways to equalize. As a result, the excessive workload of managers and specialists in certain periods of work increases, the duration of the working day increases.
It also has the meaning of the form of identity and the number of the team. As practice shows, the introduction of new technologies will lead to an increase in the number of employees. However, most of the positions do not require high qualifications.
If you consider the management of agricultural production on the scale of the country, then here is the key moment of state regulation, which is necessary to control the resources and support the industry as a whole.
Trends in agricultural production in Russia and the world are discussed at the annual exhibition Agroprodmash.