Agrarian market
Under the concept of agrarian market means a whole complex of economic and legal relations, which appear in the production and processing of agricultural products and products of its processing.
Agrarian market or agrarian labor market - this & hellip;
The concept of agrarian market is quite wide. It includes several specialized markets:
- land market;
- agrarian labor market;
- market of production equipment and special equipment;
- market of agricultural products.
The agrarian market includes all relations related to the production of agricultural products, and the agrarian market includes all relations related to the production of agricultural products related to hiring.
History of the agrarian market
The history of the development of the world agrarian market began approximately in 5500 years before our era.
Although a man was able to divide the land a little earlier, but the first civilization, which began to process the land for the production of agricultural products, became the Sumerians.
This civilization also includes the invention of wheels and bronze, that is, the introduction of the first mechanized systems in the production of agricultural products and an increase in the efficiency of land development.
Then, in ancient Egypt, an analogous approach was used to land reclamation and food production. The development of agriculture allowed people to form large stocks of food, which initially provoked the growth of the population, and then - the emergence of large armies and first empires.
Intensive development of agriculture led to the emergence of the first simple tools. People began to use knives and plows, the processing of soil was carried out with the help of primitive moths, and the harvest was collected with a serpentine, made of wood and sharp silica.
At that time, the grain was grinded with the help of cattle, which rubbed it in the husks. Approximately at the same time people tamed the first animals. They became mouflon and & nbsp; wild goats, which were domesticated and turned into ordinary sheep and goats.
In modern agricultural animals it is difficult to learn their wild ancestors, plants also changed under the influence of man.
The first agrarian revolution (received the name of the Muslim), changed the principle of development of agriculture, took place in 7-8 centuries of our era on the territory of the Umayyad and Abbasid caliphates, which spread from Spain to India
During this time, in the largest Muslim states, the first traders appeared, distributing agricultural goods in their countries and beyond.
Thus, the migration of agricultural cultures began: people began to grow those plants that were not characteristic of their localities. It is during this period that we consider the beginning of the development of the global world economy.
After the discovery of America, there was a second wave of migration of agricultural cultures from the continent. Plants and animals began to move from the New World to the Old World and vice versa, so Columbus came to exchange.
The development of railways and the invention of the first refrigerators allowed to transport agricultural products to huge distances. In the 18th and 19th centuries, the final stage of cultural migration took place.
Thanks for appearing at the end19 & ndash; At the beginning of the 20th century, the first effective agricultural machinery, livestock, plows pulled in the fields, replaced steam and gasoline tractors and combines.
Another milestone in the history of the agar market is the invention of GMOs. At the expense of these plants the prices for food have fallen significantly. Although today developed countries refuse from similar products and move to organic farming, the invention of GMOs has helped scientists to discover new ways to introduce more productive varieties.
The last significant stage in the development of agrarian economics is considered to be the green revolution of 40-70 years ago in Mexico. It is during this time that the introduction of effective systems of fertilization and the use of chemicals helped to increase the yield of grain in 2-3 times.
Features of the agrarian market of the world
The main function of the world agrarian market is to create conditions for the population of the planet to be necessary for the maintenance of life and nutrients.
The world agrarian market simultaneously fulfills two important tasks. First of all, its existence gives entrepreneurs the opportunity to exchange agricultural products and get a profit from its sales to the population.
On the other hand, the agricultural market ensures the survival and reproduction of man.
In our time, the world agrarian market unites consumers and producers of agricultural products, as well as companies that supply goods and services, which are necessary for the functioning of the entire industry.
The main features of the agrarian market are:
- dependence of sentences from weather conditions;
- limited capacity for quality and quantity of products.
- guaranteed request.
- Necessity of storage and realization of construction in the maximum compressed terms, which are directly related to the accelerating character and large volume of production
- concentration of the main consumers in the cities.
Therefore, in order to increase the efficiency in the field of agriculture, state regulation of the market is used.
The growth of population also affects the world economy, and the acceleration of the pace of economic development in certain regions of the world contributed to the sustainable growth of world demand.
One of the most serious problems is the unequal distribution of agricultural and food resources in countries and regions.
And to solve this problem is quite difficult, because it is directly related to such factors as the poverty of individual states and unequal conditions of international trade.
The main groups of the nomenclature of exchange of agricultural goods include:
- grain;
- oil cultures, among which soybeans, beans and soybean processing products;
- food products (coffee, cocoa beans, sugar);
- textile raw material;
- livestock products and live cattle;
- concentrate of orange juice, potatoes.
By types of products the world agrarian sector is subdivided into markets today:
- grain;
- potatoes and vegetables;
- meat and meat products;
- milk and milk products.
Agrarian market of Russia
In Russia, the state conducts regulation of the agrarian market.
Thus, in Russia, there is:
- providing support to agrarian companies;
- coordination of the functioning of the agrarian market of the country through the mechanisms of influence.
State regulation of the agricultural sector is considered to be a very complex mechanism, the implementation of which prevents the global financial crisis, as well as the political pressure of some states on Russia.
The main segment of agricultural production in Russia is:
- grain & ndash; 45%;
- potatoes & ndash; 24%;
- vegetables & ndash; 55%;
- sunflower seeds & ndash; 83%;
- sugary beets & ndash; 85%.
However, not all agricultural products will become ready-made goods for sale in the agricultural market. Part of the harvest can go to the barn or seed, some products are used to feed employees during the working day.
Many landowners of agricultural lands grow agricultural crops exclusively for their own use. Only products grown for commercial purposes and sold in the agricultural market are considered goods.
Agrarian grain market
From rice, wheat, and corn, a person receives up to 60% of all calories consumed. These cultures form the basis of the agrarian market of grain, which is distinguished in a separate segment.
Every year, the world transports approximately 160 million tons of wheat. Russia is one of the key players in the world agricultural market.
The most promising directions for the development of Russian exports & ndash; Iraq, Vietnam, Indonesia, South African countries and South African states.
Trends in the agrarian market of Russia and the world are discussed at the annual exhibition Agroprodmash.